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Marshallia graminifolia
Small wildflower in moist areas.
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Habitat, Mesic to wet flatwoods, wet prairies, seep slopes, cutthroat seep, wet prairie, bogs.
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers
Attracts bees and butterflies.
- Killed by citrus greening (HLB)
- Wind tolerant
- Flowers profusely year round
- Prominent pale green crownshaft
- Pyramidal crown
- Narrow crown
Spartina spartinae
Primarily useful for coastal restoration projects.
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Tolerance, Tolerant of frequent or regular inundation (usually areas with tidal inundation)
High. Can tolerate significant and ongoing amounts of salty wind and
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Wildlife, Attracts birds. Nesting and resting habitat.
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Habitat, Salt marshes, dunes.
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Did You Know?, Interesting foliage
- Ringed trunk
- Colorful fall foliage
- Ideal with Mediterranean architecture
- Adequate moisture required
- Distinctive-looking fruit with spiked exterior
Muhlenbergia capillaris
There are three subspecies included in this description. Together, they are found in all coastal counties of Florida and many inland ones. As a gras
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Tolerance, Tolerant of occasional/brief inundation such as can occur in storm surges.
Moderate. Tolerant of salty wind and may get some salt spray. Exposure t
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Wildlife, Muhly grass forms a low canopy that small animals can use for shelter and refuge.
Small birds eat the seeds.
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Habitat, Flatwoods, marshes, scrub.
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Showy fruits, Interesting foliage
- Unique foliage and silhouette
- Clusters of tubular flowers
- Fruit attracts wildlife
- Can be kept narrow
Pinckneya bracteata
The showy part of the flower is the white, pink or rose bracts that become petal-like.
This species is listed as Threatened by the State of Florida. P
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Habitat, Edges of bayheads, swamps; bogs; steepheads; wet flatwoods.
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Interesting foliage
Attracts bees and butterflies.
- Delicious edible fruit
- Prominant olive crownshaft
- Intoxicating fragrance
- Very showy clusters of red flowers
- Healthy edible fruit
- Narrow canopy
Gordonia lasianthus
Makes a good specimen tree or a cluster of in wet areas along margins of lakes and ponds.
This tree is columnar in form and can make a formal-looking
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Considertions, Sensitive to drying. Difficult to grow unless its moisture requirements are met.
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Wildlife, Attracts hummingbirds.
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Habitat, Moist-wet sites. Seepage swamps, bay swamps, edges of cypress domes, low flatwoods. This species is likely restricted to wetland edges both by its ne
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Interesting foliage
Flowers attract a variety of insects including bees and flies.
- Heavy feeder
- Attractive contrast between flowers and foliage
- Beloved in South Florida
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum
Border plant. Also used for restoration.
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Wildlife, Birds and other wildlife consume seed.
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Habitat, Moist sites.
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Did You Know?, Showy fruits
- Very showy clusters of flowers
- Towering
- Year-round blooms
- Slow Growth
- Does best in cooler areas of South Florida
- Damaged by citrus canker
Thelypteris spp.
These are generally moist site ferns though some (T. kunthii, T. ovata) grow in mesic uplands. Most are similar in appearance, and all will grow in a
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Considertions, The native range varies by species. Please use species appropriate to your area.
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Wildlife, Cover for many ground-dwelling species.
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Habitat, Hydric and mesic hammocks, shallow swamps and swamp edges, floodplains.
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Did You Know?, Interesting foliage
- Tiered branches
- Very showy bright yellow flowers
- Will not tolerate frost
- Somewhat salt tolerant
- Formal, old-world appearance
- Elegant and stately
Sideroxylon foetidissimum
Interesting buttressed trunks.
Shade tree. Can be used in settings such as parking lot edges, street tree, etc.
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Tolerance, Tolerant of inundation with brackish water
Some tolerance to salty wind but not direct salt spray.
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Wildlife, Povides good cover.
Birds and small mammals are attracted to the fruit.
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Habitat, Tropical hammocks.
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Did You Know?, Interesting foliage, Hurricane wind resistance
Attracts insect pollinators
- Bright red fruits
- Requires protection from strong winds
- Colorful new leafs
- Raised diamond-shaped trunk pattern
Koanophyllon villosum
Back of garden screen
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Habitat, Pine rockland, edges of hammocks
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers
Attracts butterflies and bees.
- Ideal with Mediterranean architecture
- Magnificent when flowering
- Fragrant clusters of flowers in fall
Piscidia piscipula
Shade tree. Also good for hedge rows.
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Tolerance, Tolerant of occasional/brief inundation such as can occur in storm surges.
Moderate. Tolerant of salty wind and may get some salt spray. Exposure t
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Habitat, Dry sites. Hammocks, somewhat shady areas near the coast.
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Showy fruits
Larval host for cassius blue (Leptotes cassius) and hammock skipper (Polygonus leo) butterflies.
Attracts bee pollinators
- Prized scent, used in commercial perfumes
- Width often exceeds height
- Not a true pine
- Rare, despite being a South Florida native
- Pineapple-like showy fruits (female plants)
- Underutilized
Halesia carolina
Grown less frequently than H. diptera but worthy of planting.
Grow as an understory tree in a mixed or deciduous woodland. It blooms in early spring
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Wildlife, Larval host for various moths including the Promethea Moth (Callosamia promethea), Canadian Melanolophia (Melanolophia canadaria), and Stinging Rose
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Habitat, Bluffs, hammocks, floodplain forests.
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Did You Know?, Interesting bark, Showy flowers
Larval host for various moths including the Promethea Moth (Callosamia promethea), Canadian Melanolophia (Melanoloph
- Does best with periodic fertalization
- Tiered branches
- Stately and uncommon
- Delicious edible fruit
Ilex opaca
Both male and female plants required for pollination and seed set.
Specimen tree. Screen.
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Considertions, Sharp spines (teeth) on leaves.
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Wildlife, Fruits are eaten by birds.
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Habitat, Upland woods, second bottom but will not tolerate long flooding. Often an understory plant.
Documented in Lee County in a site likely to be natural.
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Did You Know?, Showy fruits, Interesting foliage, Hurricane wind resistance
Bees pollinate flowers.
- Fruit eaten by birds
- Does best in warmer areas of South Florida
- Moderately slow growth
