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Ilex opaca
Both male and female plants required for pollination and seed set.
Specimen tree. Screen.
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Considertions, Sharp spines (teeth) on leaves.
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Wildlife, Fruits are eaten by birds.
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Habitat, Upland woods, second bottom but will not tolerate long flooding. Often an understory plant.
Documented in Lee County in a site likely to be natural.
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Did You Know?, Showy fruits, Interesting foliage, Hurricane wind resistance
Bees pollinate flowers.
- Fruit eaten by birds
- Does best in warmer areas of South Florida
- Moderately slow growth
Acer negundo
Its twisting shape makes it an interesting specimen tree.
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Considertions, Fast growing, fairly weak hence somewhat prone to breaking.
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Wildlife, Squirrels and other rodents eat the seeds.
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Habitat, Found naturally in floodplains. Has become widely established in ruderal settings.
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Did You Know?, Interesting foliage
Attracts pollinators, particularly native bees. Larval host for Cecropia silkmoth (Hyalophora cecropia).
- Dense canopy
- Beautiful rounded canopy
- Attractive flowers, typically deep orange
- Handsome
- Abundance of orange-red flowers in summer
- Damaged by citrus canker
Euphorbia heterophylla
The author treats this as a friendly weed. Pull them if where there is something more desirable.
Back of a wildflower garden in a casual setting. Gro
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Considertions, Reseeds overly enthusiastically and may become weedy as the year progresses.
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Habitat, Ruderal, disturbed hammocks.
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Interesting foliage
- Classic Southern tree
- Rare and unique
- Silvery blue-green fronds
Bourreria cassinifolia
Listed as Endangered in Florida. Please acquire only from reputable nurseries.
The US range is limited to Florida. Globally, it is also found in the W
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Wildlife, Attracts hummingbirds
Fruits are harvested by a variety of birds
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Habitat, Marshes, ruderal in disturbed wet areas.
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers
Attracts a variety of pollinators including bees and many types of butterflies including Julieas, zebra longwings, skippers, sulphurs.
- Stately and uncommon
- Adequate moisture required
- Underutilized
- No longer recommended
Morella inodora
Screen along the edge of swamps. Primarily used for restoration.
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Wildlife, Birds eat the fruits.
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Habitat, Shrub-tree bogs, bayheads, swamps, especially with Cyrilla racemiflora.
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Did You Know?, Interesting foliage
- Elegant
- Does poorly oceanside
- Medium stature
- Handsome
- Decorative diamond-shaped trunk pattern
- Adequate moisture required
Mitchella repens
This little plant produces two flowers with ovaries that fuse into a single fruit.
Typically grown as a curiosity. This is a very small plant that a
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Wildlife, Birds and small mammals consume the berries which mature in the fall and are retained through the winter and spring.
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Habitat, Hammocks, upland hardwood forests, upland mixed forest, seep slopes, second bottom and levees in floodplains.
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Showy fruits, Interesting foliage
Bumblebees pollinate the flowers. Cross-pollination, required for seed set, is controlled by factors
- Lush, dense shade tree
- Wonderfully fragrant, carries a great distance
- Fruit eaten by birds
Morus rubra
Wind pollinated. Dioecious. According to Huegel (2010), the flowers attract insects.
Plant tree in areas where fallen fruit will not be an issue.
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Considertions, Fallen fruits are messy.
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Wildlife, Fruits are very popular with birds and mammals and some reptiles (for example, Eastern box turtle )
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Habitat, Upper floodplains, hammocks, mesic forests..
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Did You Know?, Interesting foliage
- Smaller stature
- Imposing stature
- Highly nutritious fruit
Spartina alterniflora
Used for shoreline protection. A major saltmarsh plant. Useful for erosion control.
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Tolerance, Tolerant of frequent or regular inundation (usually areas with tidal inundation)
High. Can tolerate significant and ongoing amounts of salty wind and
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Wildlife, Birds and other animals eat the seeds.
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Habitat, Salt marsh, tidal flats, beaches.
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Did You Know?, Interesting foliage
Larval food for Louisiana eyed silkmoth (Automeris louisiana)
- Stunning
- Long emerald crownshaft
- Beautiful purple-brown crownshaft
Philadelphus inodorus
Multi-stemmed. A single stem is a curiosity. A large multi-stemmed plant is a long-blooming wonder.
Despite the common name, this species has sweet-sm
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Habitat, Hammocks, near limestone.
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Did You Know?, Aroma, fragrance, Showy flowers
Pollinated by bees.
- Showy display of fruit
- Decorative diamond-shaped trunk pattern
- Unique, stout pineapple-like trunk when young
- Drought tolerant
- Clusters of tubular flowers
Hibiscus grandiflorus
This is a wetland plant. It is rarely grown, but it has potential in appropriate sites.
Specimen plant or background screen for wet places.
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Wildlife, Attracts butterflies, bees, beetles, and birds.
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Habitat, Depressions in pine flatwoods, brackish and freshwater marshes, edges of lakes and ponds, along rivers, swamps, canals, ditches. Commonly in water bu
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers
Larval host of Gray Hairstreak, Painted Lady Butterfly, Common Checkered Skipper and Tropical Checkered Skipper butterflies and four
- Prolific fruiter
- Extremely popular
- Colorful older leaves
- Beautiful pinwheel flowers, often multicolored
- Recently classified invasive
Tridens flavus
Rear of garden as a screen. Native meadows.
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Tolerance, Unknown
Moderate. Tolerant of salty wind and may get some salt spray. Exposure to salt spray would be uncommon (major storms).
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Wildlife, Turkey and quail eat the seed. Provides cover for small ground-dwelling animals.
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Habitat, Flatwoods, open woodlands
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Did You Know?, Butterflies, moths
- Medium stature
- Beautiful rounded dense canopy
- Unique foliage
- Moderately rapid growth
Funastrum clausum
Trellis or fence
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Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water.
Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray
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Considertions, This is an extremely aggressive vine. It can grow into mats that cover shrubs and small trees.
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Habitat, Moist sites such as edges of wetlands.
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Did You Know?, Showy flowers
Larval host for monarch (Danaus plexippus), queen (Danaus gilippus), and soldier (Danaus eresimu) butterflies. Apparently not a monarc
- Majestic, sprawling canopy
- Prominent pale green or blue-gray crownshaft
- Very showy bright yellow flowers
